index

What is git?

Git is a distributed version control system designed to track changes in files and coordinate work among multiple contributors.
it is used to manage source code, track project history, facilitae collaboration, and enable branching and merging workflows.

what is the difference between git and github?

Git is the version control system, while Github is a hosting platform for git repositories.
github provides additional features such as collaboration tools, issue tracking, pull requests, integration with other applications.

What is repository in Git?

A repository in git is a collection of files and directories along with the version gistory of those files.
it represents a project and serves as the central location for storing, managing and sharing code.

How do you create a new git repository?

git init initializes a new git repository in the current directory, creating a .git folder to store version control metadata.

Explain the difference between a git commit and a git push?

git commit records changes to the repository’s files, creating a new snapshot or version of the project.
git push on the other hands, sends committed changes from a local repository to a remote repository, enabling collaboration and sharing of code with others.

What is git branch?

Git branch is a lightweight movable pointer to a commit in the repository’s version history.
branches are used to isolate work on new features, bug fixes or experiments without affecting the main codebase.

How to create and switch between branches?

to create a new branch git branch branch-name
to switch to new branch git checkout branch-name or git switch branch-name
create and switch in one step git checkout -b branch-name or git switch -c branch-name

What is a Git merge?

a git merge combines changes from one branch into another branch
it integrates the changes made in the source branch (feature) into the target branch (main) by creating a new merge commit that incorporates both sets of changes.

What is a Git pull request?

A git pull request is a mechanism for proposing changes and initiating code review in a collaborative development workflow.
it allows contributors to request that their changes be reviewed, disscussed and eventually merged into the target branch by project maintainers.

What is git Fork?

Git fork is a copy of a repository that allows users t ofreely experiment with changes withou affecting the original repository.

What are git tags?

git tags are references to specific points in a repository’s version history.
typically used to mark version or release number

How do you revert a commit in git?

git revert commit-id
this creates a new commit that undoes the changes introduced in specified commit id

Explain the concept of Git remote and remote repository?

git remote is a refrence to a remote reposity, typically hosted on a server like github, gitlab or bitbucket
it acts as a refrence to remote repo

How do you resolve merge conflicts in git?

merge conflicts occur when git cannot automatically merge changes from different branches.
to fix this , we manually edit the conflicting files to resolve conflicts, mark them as resolved using git add, and commit the changes
after that run git merge --continue to finally merge.

What is git rebase and when it is used?

git rebase is a command used to reapply commits on top of another base commit.
it is commonly used to integrate changes from one branch onto another while maintaning a linear commit history.
rebase should be used to keep commit history clean and avoid unnecessary merge commits in feature branches.

What is the difference between git pull, fetch, clone, push, remote ?

GIT CLONE - it copies the whole project with all the commit history and add setup the remote origin.
GIT PULL - To fetch the latest changes from the remote and automatically merge them into your current branch.
GIT FETCH - to fetch new commits and branches from the remote but without merging them into local branch
GIT PUSH - uploads our local commits to the remote repository
GIT REMOTE - manage connection to our remote repository

what is the difference between git diff and git status?

GIT STATUS - tells what has changed in your working directory and staging area
GIT DIFF - shows the exact line-by-line changes made to tracked files that are not staged

what is the difference between git merge and git rebase?

GIT COMMIT - combines two branches by creating a new commit
GIT REBASE -

what is the use of staging area or indexing in git?

The staging area (also known as the index) is an intermediate zone where you can prepare changes before committing them to the repository.

what does the command git cofig does?

the git config command is used to view and set configuration options for git
example

git config --global user.name "John Doe"
git config --global user.email "john@example.com"

what does git cherry-pick command do?

git cherry-pick is used to apply the changes from a specific commit from one branch onto your current branch without merging the entire branch.
git cherry-pick commithash

what is the difference between git revert and git reset?

Both git revert and git reset are used to undo changes in Git — but they work very differently
git revert commithash adds a new commit that inverts the changes made by the original commit.
git reset [--soft | mixed | hard] commit-hash move the head to a previous commit

--soft = undo commit but keep changes staged
--mixed = unstage changes, keep local edits
--hard = rase commits and local changes

what do you mean by head in term of git and also tell the number of heads that can be present in a repository? HEAD is a refrence to the current snapshot of your working directory. it usually points to the latest commit on the current branch you are working on.

if you are on main, then HEAD points to refs/heads/main
a Git repository has only one HEAD at a time
However, you can have multiple branches, and each branch has its own tip — but these are not HEADs.

Can you recover a deleted branch in git?

Yes, we can recover a deleted branch in Git, as long as the commits haven’t been garbage collected yet.
Git doesn’t immediately delete the commits — instead, it simply removes the branch reference.
The underlying commits still exist in Git’s database until they’re garbage collected (which usually happens after ~30 days by default).

How to see commit history in git?

git log is used to see logs in git
useful options to combine with

Command	Description
`git log --oneline`	Shows each commit in a single line (short hash + message)
`git log --graph`	Visual ASCII graph of branches and merges
`git log --stat`	Shows what files changed and how many lines were added/removed
`git log -p`	Shows the patch (code diff) introduced in each commit
`git log --since="2 weeks ago"`	View commits from the last 2 weeks
`git log --author="Alice"`	Show commits by a specific author
`git log file.txt`	View history of changes to a specific file

GIT COMMANDS

git setup

Command	Description
`git config --global user.name "Your Name"`	Set your Git username globally
`git config --global user.email "you@example.com"`	Set your Git email globally
`git config --list`	Show all Git configuration settings
`git version`	Check installed Git version

staging and committing changes

Command	Description
`git status`	Show the status of working directory and staging area
`git add <file>`	Stage a specific file
`git add .`	Stage all changes in current directory
`git commit -m "message"`	Commit staged changes with a message
`git commit -am "message"`	Add and commit tracked files in one step

viewing commit history

Command	Description
`git log`	Show full commit history
`git log --oneline`	Show compact commit history
`git log --graph --oneline --all`	Show graphical history of all branches
`git show <commit>`	Show details of a specific commit

branching

Command	Description
`git branch`	List branches
`git branch <branch-name>`	Create a new branch
`git checkout <branch>`	Switch to a branch
`git checkout -b <branch>`	Create and switch to a branch
`git merge <branch>`	Merge given branch into current branch
`git branch -d <branch>`	Delete a branch
`git switch <branch>`	Alternative to `checkout` for switching branches

remote repositories

Command	Description
`git remote -v`	Show remote connections
`git remote add origin <url>`	Link to a remote repository
`git push -u origin <branch>`	Push branch to remote (first time)
`git push`	Push local changes to remote
`git pull`	Fetch and merge changes from remote
`git fetch`	Fetch changes from remote (no merge)

fixing mistakes

Command	Description
`git restore <file>`	Undo changes in working directory
`git restore --staged <file>`	Unstage a file
`git reset <file>`	Unstage a file (older syntax)
`git reset --hard`	Reset working directory and index to last commit
`git revert <commit>`	Create a new commit that undoes a previous commit
`git clean -fd`	Remove untracked files and directories
`git checkout -- <file>`	Revert file to last committed version

GIT GET GOOD

GIT COMMANDS

git setup

staging and committing changes

viewing commit history

branching

remote repositories

fixing mistakes